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2007-07-03
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真难说哦
2007-07-10 04:06
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Juniper的Olive安装指南(v0.1) 转贴
Juniper的Olive安装指南(v0.1)
================================================================
0.硬件需求
Intel Pentium II 400以上PC N台 -- 看你所需要的网络规模和结构而定，总之，一台的学习价值是不大的。配置：
CPU Pentium II 400以上，越快越好;
RAM 至少128M，越大越好;
显卡能亮就行，或者也可以没有，不过你就需要完全从Console/COM来进行安装了;
网卡推荐Intel EtherExpress Pro 100(或其他Intel 82558/82559芯片，Olive只支持Intel 8255x)当然了，作为一台路由器，网卡的数量也是越多越好;
其他网络设备如果你只准备做一个纯Olive/Juniper网络的话，至少需要24口交换机一台。如果想建立和其他网络互联的混合网络，设备就自己看着办吧。
1.准备工作众所周知，Juniper的JunOS是基于FreeBSD开发出来的，所以要安装和运行PC版的JunOS--Olive，当然也得先从FreeBSD下手。首先，你得准备好FreeBSD光盘，从3.0到4.8都可以，当然了，5.1以上版本是肯定不行的--因为5.1以上版本默认文件系统就是UFS2了，Olive肯定不支持 推荐使用3.2版本...因为，经过分析，Olive应该是基于3.3之前版本开发的，因此文件系统和设备兼容性都应该是最好的，当然了4.x也绝对没问题，只不过在后面要多一个小步骤。开始安装FreeBSD, mini安装就可以，多了也一点用都没有。注意一点，分区(Slice)时无论你用任何方法，都必须把/var区分在/dev/wd0s1f(3.3前)或/dev/ad0s1f这个设备上，否则后面的Olive安装步骤将无法继续。
<原因: Olive之后会建立自己的文件系统结构和分区，因此它需要把packages现存放到这个缓存分区>
2.建立Olive安装初始环境
FreeBSD安装完毕之后，用你可以想象的任何方法把Olive安装文件jinstall-5.5R2.3-export-signed.tgz 拷贝到FreeBSD分区，或可以访问到的其他媒体介质上。然后进行如下初始化工作：
a.执行命令
# mkdir /var/etc
# touch /var/etc/master.passwd
# touch /var/etc/inetd.conf
# touch /var/etc/group
(如果你使用的FreeBSD 3.3以后版本，还需要
# rm /dev/wd0c
# ln -s /dev/ad0c /dev/wd0c
b.安装Olive
# pkg_add jinstall-5.5R2.3-export-signed.tgz
(此处可能会出错，如果无法完成安装，可以强制使用-f)
c.修改/boot/loader.conf 中的 c 改为:c
(否则在启动过程中，你将会黑屏，只能从com连接管理，当然如果你没有显卡的话，这样就更合适)
d. # reboot
3.初始化配置Olive
好了，如果你前面的步骤都没有出错，那么当前你应该已经可以看到Olive的提示符了。使用用户:root 密码 空> 登陆系统
ifconfig -a看一下是否正确认出了你的Intel网卡;
运行一个command shell，注意，不同与我们常见的Unix bash/tcsh，这是Olive自己的路由器管理界面:
# cli
(CLI)# edit interface fxp0 unit 0 family inet 192.168.0.1/24
(CLI)# up
(CLI)# edit system
(CLI)# set system hostname olive
(CLI)# set system login user admin calss super-user
(CLI)# set system login user admin authentication plan-text
(CLI)# show configuration
4.如果上面的步骤都顺利，可以开始着手安装安装你的Virtual Juniper NetWork中的下一个节点了。
Good Luck!
================================================================Tips拾遗：你可以在Vmware中安装和运行Olive，但是不要奢望它能为你工作，因为如上所述，Olive目前只支持Intel网卡，而Vmware的虚拟网卡型号为PCnet32。我曾经写过一个FreeBSD转换驱动，仿真lnc到fxp，但是在Oliver中不能工作 :_< 看来就只有奢望，vmware那天能够支持本地化网络接口了。另外，在多台机器的环境中安装和规划Olive似乎有点太复杂了，因此偶正在测试使用网络引导和安装的方式实现Olive的自动分发，等下一版文档吧。最后申明，Juniper, JunOS, 和Olive都是Juniper公司的商标和完全知识产权归属，因此在学习过程中也请遵守Juniper的协议，不要任意分发，复制，修改，和反向分析Olive，更不要企图拿它来用于商业用途，并且在安装学习后请在24小时内删除你的Olive拷贝。JNOS8.0 已经能驱动AMD网卡,下面我们尝试vmware5.X下安装.下面将描述4种方法如何在vmware下安装jnos 8.0 驱动网卡.感谢cunshen ,毛小兵,梦天的测试.
照这篇文档安装的junos可以做到：不需要真正的pc，完全可以在vmware上安装可以认出vmware的网卡，以便可以在vmware上做实验使用telnet代替串口线连接junos.
一.使用挂disk的方法
http://wiki.nio.name/software/junos8_on_vmware5.(毛小兵的方法)
二.大家知道vmware下,JNOS 4.4网卡是能驱动起来的,先装4.4,然后升级8.0(梦天的方法)
三.在freebsd下时 ,同时把7.4与8.0上传上去,具体命令如下 cunshen的方法)
rm /dev/wd0c
ln -s /dev/ad0c /dev/wd0c
mkdir ar/etc
touch ar/etc/master.passwd ar/etc/inetd.conf ar/etc/group
cd /tmp
pwd
ftp 192.168.0.2
binary
get jinstall-7.4R1.7-export-signed.tgz
get jinstall-8.0R1.9-export-signed.tgz
bye
pkg_add get jinstall-7.4R1.7-export-signed.tgz
reboot
通过那个串口软件 ｔｅｌｎｅｔ上去 ,系统启动完成后 敲入：
request system software add ／ｖar/tmp/jinstall-8.0R1.9-export-signed.tgz
就开始升级了 , it's so easy !
效果演示:
root> ... add /var/tmp/jinstall-8.0R1.9-export-signed.tgz
NOTICE: Validating configuration against jinstall-8.0R1.9-export-signed.tgz.
NOTICE: Use the 'best-effort-load' option to match the checks done at boot time.
NOTICE: Use the 'no-validate' option to skip this if desired.
Checking compatibility with configuration
Initializing...
Using jbase-7.4R1.7
Using /var/tmp/jinstall-8.0R1.9-export-signed.tgz
Verified jinstall-8.0R1.9-export.tgz signed by PackageProduction_8_0_0
Using /var/validate/tmp/jinstall-signed/jinstall-8.0R1.9-export.tgz
Using /var/validate/tmp/jinstall/jbundle-8.0R1.9-export.tgz
Checking jbundle requirements on /
Using /var/validate/tmp/jbundle/jbase-8.0R1.9.tgz
Using /var/validate/tmp/jbundle/jkernel-8.0R1.9.tgz
Using /var/validate/tmp/jbundle/jpfe-8.0R1.9.tgz
WARNING: hw.product.model='unknown' using jpfe-M40
Using /var/validate/tmp/jbundle/jdocs-8.0R1.9.tgz
Using /var/validate/tmp/jbundle/jroute-8.0R1.9.tgz
Validating against /config/juniper.conf.gz
Message from syslogd@ at Dec 8 10:53:33 ...
dcd[6748]: /build/ryowo-c/7.4R1.7/src/juniper/sbin/dcd/rtsock/rtsock_current.c:579: insist 'iflp_temp != NULL' failed
Message from syslogd@ at Dec 8 10:53:39 ...
dcd[6753]: /build/ryowo-c/7.4R1.7/src/juniper/sbin/dcd/rtsock/rtsock_current.c:579: insist 'iflp_temp != NULL' failed
Message from syslogd@ at Dec 8 10:53:44 ...
dcd[6819]: /build/ryowo-c/7.4R1.7/src/juniper/sbin/dcd/rtsock/rtsock_current.c:579: insist 'iflp_temp != NULL' failed
mgd: commit complete
Validation succeeded
Installing package '/var/tmp/jinstall-8.0R1.9-export-signed.tgz' ...
Message from syslogd@ at Dec 8 10:53:50 ...
dcd[6894]: /build/ryowo-c/7.4R1.7/src/juniper/sbin/dcd/rtsock/rtsock_current.c:579: insist 'iflp_temp != NULL' failed
Verified jinstall-8.0R1.9-export.tgz signed by PackageProduction_8_0_0
Adding jinstall...
WARNING: This package will load JUNOS 8.0R1.9 software.
WARNING: It will save JUNOS configuration files, and SSH keys
WARNING: (if configured), but erase all other files and information
WARNING: stored on this machine. It will attempt to preserve dumps
WARNING: and log files, but this can not be guaranteed. This is the
WARNING: pre-installation stage and all the software is loaded when
WARNING: you reboot the system.
Saving the config files ...
Installing the bootstrap installer ...
WARNING: A REBOOT IS REQUIRED TO LOAD THIS SOFTWARE CORRECTLY. Use the
WARNING: 'request system reboot' command when software installation is
WARNING: complete. To abort the installation, do not reboot your system,
WARNING: instead use the 'request system software delete jinstall'
WARNING: command as soon as this operation completes.
Saving package file in /var/sw/pkg/jinstall-8.0R1.9-export-signed.tgz ...
Saving state for rollback ...
root>
root>
root> show version
Model: olive
JUNOS Base OS boot [7.4R1.7]
JUNOS Base OS Software Suite [7.4R1.7]
JUNOS Kernel Software Suite [7.4R1.7]
JUNOS Packet Forwarding Engine Support (M20/M40) [7.4R1.7]
JUNOS Routing Software Suite [7.4R1.7]
JUNOS Online Documentation [7.4R1.7]
root>
root>
root>
root>
root>
root> request system reboot
Reboot the system ? [yes,no] (no) yes
Shutdown NOW!
Reboot consistency check bypassed - jinstall 8.0R1.9 will complete installation upon reboot
[pid 7376]
root>
*** FINAL System shutdown message from root@ ***
System going down IMMEDIATELY
[1] 2931
Dec 8 10:55:28 init: syslogd (PID 2511) exited with status=0 Normal Exit
Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `vnlru' to stop...stopped
Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `bufdaemon' to stop...stopped
Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `syncer' to stop...stopped
syncing disks... 4
done
Uptime: 4m35s
ata0: Spinning down devices. Please wait...
ata2: Spinning down devices. Please wait...
Rebooting...
Console: serial port
BIOS drive A: is disk0
BIOS drive C: is disk1
BIOS 638kB/260032kB available memory
FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 0.8
(builder@yamnahar.juniper.net, Fri Aug 11 15:53:26 GMT 2006)
Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf
/boot/installer text=0x242153 data=0x2a158+0x2e226 syms=[0x4+0x39150+0x4+0x43f7a]
-
Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or space bar for command prompt.
Booting [installer]...
Olive CPU
Copyright (c) 1996-2001, Juniper Networks, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 1992-2004 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
JUNOS 8.0R1.9 #0: 2006-08-11 15:56:28 UTC
builder@yamnahar.juniper.net:/build/yamnahar-c/8.0R1.9/obj-i386/sys/compile/MFS
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz
Timecounter "TSC" frequency 1750171158 Hz
CPU: Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor 1.73GHz (1750.17-MHz 686-class CPU)
Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x6d8 Stepping = 8
Features=0xfe9fbff
real memory = 268435456 (262144K bytes)
sio0: gdb debugging port
avail memory = 253173760 (247240K bytes)
Preloaded elf kernel "installer" at 0xc07bf000.
Preloaded md_image "/boot/mdimg" at 0xc07bf0a0.
DEVFS: ready for devices
md0: Preloaded image 3823616 bytes at 0xc04185b4
md1: Malloc disk
Using $PIR table, 9 entries at 0xc00fdf30
npx0: 四.在一台PC上安装好jnos8.0 后 , ghost成镜像文件,制作启动文件,刻录出光盘(优点:以后装方便,不再去搞freebsd 然后又jinstall,一步到位),直接装vmware下.(me 的方法 ^_^)
4种方法均测试通过,登陆olive,随便做个配置,commit看看, 是不是报错啦? 报错如下:
root# commit
[edit] 'system' Missing mandatory statement:
'root-authentication' error: commit failed:
(missing statements)
别急! set system root-authentication plain-text-password
//按提示为root设置新密码；it's OK, commit试试,不报错了吧!
欢迎juniper爱好者测试!试用过但有几个问题:
问题1：em0不支持vlan-tagging，所以logical-router也没有意义问题2：似乎在em0上配IP后，要重启VM才生效在 shel下执行 ifconfig em0 down ifconfig em0 up 有时可以避免重新启动!
问题3：不支持Multicast，意味着与组播相关的路由协议都不能正常运行也不能运行使用tunnel可以在一定程度支持组播!
[edit interfaces gre]
unit 0
{ tunnel{ source 192.168.197.249;
destination 192.168.197.250;
}
family inet { address 10.49.2.2/30;
}
family mpls;
}起了2个VM，然后EM1都配置上IP地址，commit了，VM网卡全是桥接，ping通了，要重启。实现是可以实现的，但是因为em不支持VLAN，所以没有办法配置很多个logical在同一台机器上。除非你有多个物理的em接口。如果是真实的em1000，这个是可以支持组播的。但在VM下，好象是无能为力了。只能期待VM再出新的版本，看能不能改进。若有3个物理网卡，那我VM也建立3个虚拟网卡，VM中一一对应物理网卡桥接，那么就可以有3个隔离的网络了，然后再多起几个VM下的JUNOS，不就可以做实验了呀，不过只有3个网段，呵呵。另外，OSPF在广播网中不跑广播模式，跑点到多点非广播或NBMA是完全没有问题的。我这样做，起了4个junos跑OSPF，全部路由都通了。呵呵！可以多起几个Loopback网卡,再把JunOS桥过来啊.没必要那么多物理网卡.有一块和外边通信就可以了看看我做的2个JUNOS在以太上跑OSPF
R1:
root@R1>show configuration
interfaces {
em0 {
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 33.33.33.10/24;
}
}
}
lo0 {
unit 10 {
family inet {
address 11.1.1.1/32;
}
}
}
}
protocols {
ospf {
area 0.0.0.0 {
interface em0.0 {
interface-type nbma;
priority 10; 这条命令需要加上，否则邻居建立不了的
neighbor 33.33.33.1;
}
interface lo0.0;
}
}
}
root@R1>show ospf neighbor
Address Interface State ID Pri Dead
33.33.33.1 em0.0 Full 22.2.2.2 128 99
root@R1> show route
inet.0: 5 destinations, 5 routes (5 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
11.1.1.1/32 *[Direct/0] 00:05:18
> via lo0.10
22.2.2.2/32 *[OSPF/10] 00:02:37, metric 1
> to 33.33.33.1 via em0.0
33.33.33.0/24 *[Direct/0] 00:05:18
> via em0.0
33.33.33.10/32 *[Local/0] 00:05:18
Local via em0.0
224.0.0.5/32 *[OSPF/10] 00:05:18, metric 1
MultiReroot@R1> ping 22.2.2.2 source 11.1.1.1
PING 22.2.2.2 (22.2.2.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 22.2.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=1.852 ms
64 bytes from 22.2.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.798 ms
64 bytes from 22.2.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.670 ms
^C
--- 22.2.2.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.670/1.107/1.852/0.530 ms
R2:
root@R2> show configuration
interfaces {
em0 {
unit 0 {
family inet {
address 33.33.33.1/24;
}
}
}
lo0 {
unit 10 {
family inet {
address 22.2.2.2/32;
}
}
}
}
protocols {
ospf {
area 0.0.0.0 {
interface em0.0 {
interface-type nbma;
neighbor 33.33.33.10;
}
interface lo0.0;
}
}
}
root@R2> show ospf neighbor
Address Interface State ID Pri Dead
33.33.33.10 em0.0 Full 11.1.1.1 10 110
root@R2> show route
inet.0: 5 destinations, 5 routes (5 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
11.1.1.1/32 *[OSPF/10] 00:03:25, metric 1
> to 33.33.33.10 via em0.0
22.2.2.2/32 *[Direct/0] 00:05:31
> via lo0.10
33.33.33.0/24 *[Direct/0] 00:05:31
> via em0.0
33.33.33.1/32 *[Local/0] 00:05:31
Local via em0.0
224.0.0.5/32 *[OSPF/10] 00:05:31, metric 1
MultiRecv
root@R2> ping 11.1.1.1 source 22.2.2.2
PING 11.1.1.1 (11.1.1.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 11.1.1.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=1.624 ms
64 bytes from 11.1.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.654 ms
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